![]() It all came crashing down in spectacular fashion when Alexander of Macedon rose to power and led a ruthlessly efficient military machine on a path of conquest that brought him all the way to the Indus River. With its heartland in modern day Iran, its empire spanned from Afghanistan to Turkey at its apex. Persia was the preeminent military, political, and cultural power in the ancient world from 550 B.C. ![]() Map of the Achaemenid Persian Empire at its height with the region of Parthia marked in a red circle (Wikimedia Commons) Rome’s richest man, a member of the First Triumvirate with Julius Caesar, and the man responsible for putting down the pirates that menaced the Mediterranean, met his ignoble end fighting the greatest challenge the Romans ever faced in the east: Parthia. No, this is not a scene from the latest episode of Game of Thrones this was the passing of Marcus Licinuis Crassus in 53 BC. They poured gold down his throat, cut off his head, and sent it back as a warning to others. It is also the first of Merighi’s independent “Lessons from History” regular series for CIMSEC. ![]() This is the first article of our “Sacking of Rome” week: red-teaming the global order and learning from history. ![]()
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